Implementación de control predictivo multiobjetivo

El control predictivo basado en modelo (MPC) ha sido una estrategia de control ampliamente utilizada y estudiada por las comunidades del sector industrial y del sector académico. La principal potencia de esta estrategia de control ha venido por su gran capacidad de trabajar con todo tipo de procesos y fundamentalmente por el manejo implícito de restricciones de proceso. En la gran mayoría de casos, el problema de optimización formulado en MPC viene dado por un problema de un único objetivo. En este trabajo, se analiza la solución de formular un control MPC multiobjetivo. La idea fundamental de este proyecto consiste en reproducir los resultados recientes de investigación en este ámbito y analizar los aspectos de implementación relacionados. El estudio de este tipo de problemas permitirá abrir una vía de investigación para poder aplicar este tipo de problema de optimización a diversos problemas reales, tales como el control óptimo de procesos energéticos o bioproceso

OpenZmeter: An Efficient Low-Cost Energy Smart Meter and Power Quality Analyzer

Power quality and energy consumption measurements support providers and energy users with solutions for acquiring and reporting information about the energy supply for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In particular, since the average number of electronic devices in homes increases year by year and their sensitivity is very high, it is not only important to monitor the total energy consumption, but also the quality of the power supplied. However, in practice, end-users do not have information about the energy consumption in real-time nor about the quality of the power they receive, because electric energy meters are too expensive and complex to be handled. In order to overcome these inconveniences, an innovative, open source, low-cost, precise, and reliable power and electric energy meter is presented that can be easily installed and managed by any inexperienced user at their own home in urban or rural areas. The system was validated in a real house over a period of two weeks, showing interesting results and findings which validate our proposal

Medio de carga para máquinas de musculación

ES2617959 A1 (20.06.2017) ES2617959 B2 (03.11.2017) P201700130 (30.01.2017)Medio de carga del tipo de los utilizados en máquinas de musculación. El medio de carga incorpora dos guías curvas (1a, 1b) colocadas de forma simétrica y cuyas caras exteriores definen sendas pistas de rodadura (11a, 11b) sobre las que pueden desplazarse sendos rodillos (3a, 3b). Los ejes (4a, 4b) de dichos rodillos (3a, 3b) están unidos entre sí mediante un resorte de extensión (5). Dos tirantes (6a, 6b) unen los ejes (4a, 4b) de sendos rodillos (3a, 3b) con un cable de carga (8). La geometría de la curva definida por las pistas de rodadura (11a, 11b) es tal que la fuerza exterior aplicada sobre el cable de carga (8) es la misma independientemente de la posición en la que se encuentren los rodillos (3a, 3b).UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERÍ

Determination of Instantaneous Powers from a Novel Time-Domain Parameter Identification Method of Non-Linear Single-Phase Circuits

This paper proposes a systematic method for the identification of the load circuit parameters (say the R, L, and C elements) based only on the information of the instantaneous volt- age and current measured at the point of common coupling (pcc). Geometric Algebra (GA) and concepts of differential geometry are used to produce a rigorous mathematical framework. The identification is formulated as a multidimensional geometrical problem that is solved conveniently by means of GA. Once the passive elements of the load have been identified, the active and reactive powers can be computed from first electromagnetic principles (Maxwell Equations). The theory is general and is verified with linear and nonlinear circuits. The paper shows single-phase circuits but the theory can be extended to three- phase circuits. The method is easy to program and has shown to be very robust for all tested cases. Because of its generality, the method presented will find applications beyond electric circuit

A 3D Printed Power-Split Device for Testing Energy Management Strategies Applied to Hybrid Vehicles

This work presents a testbed emulating the hybrid electric vehicles powertrain with both teaching and research purposes. The core of this testbed is a 3D printed epicycloidal gearset actuating as a power split device. Its design and hardware equipment are explained as well as its working principle. From an educational point of view, this system states an interesting control problem and, at the same time, exemplifies the operation of this kind of machines with the scope of a motivating application. Consequently, a teaching methodology comprising this testbed is proposed. In addition, the challenging nature of the system encourage the development of optimization techniques aimed at reducing the overall system energy consumption. Results of a preliminary experiment are satisfactory addressed. As a consequence, the presented testbed is proposed as a remote lab for teaching and benchmarking new control strategies

A new approach to single-phase systems under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal supply using geometric algebra

The aim of this work is to present major upgrades to existing power theories based on geometric algebra for single-phase circuits in the frequency domain. It also embodies an interesting new approach with respect to traditionally accepted power theories, revisiting power concepts in both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal systems with linear and nonlinear loads for a proper identification of its components to achieve passive compensation of true non-active current. Moreover, it outlines traditional power theories based on the apparent power S and confirms that these should definitively be reconsidered. It is evidenced that traditional proposals based on the concepts of Budeanu, Fryze and others fail to identify the interactions between voltage and current harmonics. Based on the initial work of Castro-Nu ́n ̃ez and others, new aspects not previously included are detailed, modified and reformulated. As a result, it is now possible to analyze non sinusoidal electrical circuits, establishing power balances that comply with the principle of energy conservation, and achieving optimal compensation scenarios with both passive and active elements in linear and non-linear loads

Analysis of power flow under non-sinusoidal conditions in the presence of harmonics and interharmonics using geometric algebra

The calculation of power flow in power systems with the presence of harmonics has been properly studied in the scientific literature. However, power flow calculation considering interharmonic components is still an open question. Traditional methods based on the IEEE1459 standard have proven to be valid and accurate only for linear and sinusoidal systems, but have been criticized for non-linear and non-sinusoidal systems because they are not able to explain correctly the current and voltage interactions beyond the active power. This paper proposes the use of a novel mathematical framework called geometric algebra (GA) to study the power flow considering the interaction of current and voltage harmonics and interharmonics. The use of GA enables the precise determination of the direction and magnitude of the total and single active power flow for each component, as well as other power elements related to the non-active power due to cross interaction. Moreover, this paper makes a novel contribution to the definition of interharmonics in geometric algebra space that has not been done before. To test the validity of the method, both linear and non- linear circuits are proposed and solved by applying voltages and currents with harmonic and interharmonic components. The results obtained show that power flow can be analyzed under the prism of the principle of energy conservation (PoCoE) in a way that allows a better understanding of the power spectrum due to the interaction of harmonics and interharmonics of voltage and current

All-in-one three-phase smart meter and power quality analyzer with extended IoT capabilities

The traditional power grid is evolving into a new smart grid that requires better coordination of supply and demand, making it necessary to establish precise monitoring strategies in order to determine grid status in real-time. With the aim of providing a low-cost device based on open-hardware and open-source software to the technicians, engineers, and scientists around the world, this paper presents the three-phase openZmeter (3Ph-oZm), an all-in-one device that allows measuring and computing electrical data related to energy and power quality features in three-phase power networks. It has been designed to perform advanced computations for voltage, current, frequency, power, and energy. 3Ph-oZm is able to process high order harmonics, and log power quality disturbance events defined according to the recommendations of some international standards organizations. The data and its associated features are processed on-site using custom software specifically designed and programmed for this purpose that relies on advanced signal analysis techniques. This smart meter significantly improves the capabilities of the single-phase version, and overcomes certain shortcomings of other commercial devices, both in terms of versatility and data acquisition and processing capabilities. The system has been calibrated and validated using laboratory testing set-up and real-world applications, such as long-term photovoltaic power plant metering. The capabilities of 3Ph- oZm can also support a variety of other electrical applications, such as three-phase induction motor health monitoring, energy savings, or microgrid state estimation

Dispositivo de rotación de tubos de resonancia magnética nuclear

Número de publicación: ES2522718 A1 (17.11.2014) También publicado como: ES2522718 B1 (12.11.2015) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P201400655 (24.07.2014)La invención un dispositivo especialmente diseñado para llevar a cabo la agitación de un tubo de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) que comprende: un soporte (2) al que está fijado un motor (3) eléctrico de eje horizontal; un adaptador (4) de tubos (100) de resonancia magnética nuclear fijado al eje del motor (3) eléctrico; un sensor Hall (5) dispuesto para detectar una posición inicial de dicho eje; un medio (6) de procesamiento conectado al motor (3) eléctrico y al sensor Hall (5); un módulo (7) de comunicaciones para llevar a cabo la programación del medio (6) de procesamiento; y una interfaz (8) de control y visualización conectada al medio (5) de procesamiento para operar el dispositivo (1) y visualizar datos acerca de su funcionamiento.Universidad de Almerí

Analysis of non-active power in non-sinusoidal circuits using geometric algebra

A new approach for the definition of non-active power in electrical systems is presented in this paper. Thanks to the use of geometric algebra, it is possible to define a new term called geometric non-active power that is applicable to both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal systems and to linear and non-linear loads. The classic definitions of distortion and reactive power are compared and discussed with our proposal. We verify how the geometric non-active power can appear in both purely resistive and purely reactive systems. The superiority of geometric algebra is revealed through several examples of electrical circuits previously analysed in specialized literature. In addition, a new geometrical current decomposition is proposed for the first time to provide a greater physical sense to existing geometric power. The results obtained show that classic concepts based on apparent power S are based on the lack of physical meaning, which is why geometric algebra theory should be adopted instead